Rechtsidee

Role of Central Bank of Iraq in Combating Money Laundering

2024-06-01T22:32:25+00:00

The Central Bank of Iraq (CBI) plays a pivotal role in addressing money laundering, a critical issue for global financial stability. With the enactment of the Iraqi Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorist Financing Law No. 39 of 2015, the CBI has taken significant steps to mitigate the risks associated with money laundering. The research aims to delineate the measures implemented by the CBI, including the establishment of the Money Laundering Office and the development of strict supervisory mechanisms. Findings suggest that despite the comprehensive legislative framework, challenges such as political instability and lack of transparency continue to undermine efforts. The CBI's involvement in rigorous supervision and the adoption of international cooperation are crucial to curbing money laundering practices. This study underscores the necessity for enhanced regulatory frameworks and continuous monitoring to effectively combat these financial crimes.
Highlights:

The Central Bank of Iraq has established significant legal and supervisory frameworks to combat money laundering, as highlighted by Law No. 39 of 2015.
Despite robust legal measures, ongoing political and economic instability poses challenges to the effective enforcement of anti-money laundering regulations.
International cooperation and stringent supervision are critical to enhancing the efficacy of anti-money laundering efforts in Iraq.

Keywords: Central Bank of Iraq, money laundering, legislation, supervision, financial stability

Examining the Role of Indonesia's Constitutional Court as a Positive Legislator

2024-07-09T04:12:47+00:00

The judicial review process is pivotal in democratic governance, ensuring laws align with constitutional mandates. Constitutional Court Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023, addressing amendments to Article 169, letter q of Law Number 7 of 2017 on Elections, has generated significant legal discourse. This study aims to analyze the legal dynamics within this judicial review, employing a descriptive-analytical methodology with a comparative approach. This involves comparing legal systems across different countries to understand the Constitutional Court's controversial role. Traditionally, the court's authority lies in acting as a negative legislator; however, in this case, it has taken on a role akin to a positive legislator, creating potential conflicts with the legislative body. The findings indicate a debate over the court's authority to add norms, revealing a fundamental tension between the judiciary and legislative functions. This decision introduces new legal implications, highlighting the necessity for further analysis to ensure the realization of substantial democracy. The study fills a knowledge gap by providing a comprehensive analysis of the court's expanded role, proposing solutive mechanisms to address the emerging legal challenges and maintain a balanced power dynamic between the judiciary and the legislature. This research underscores the importance of clear delineation of judicial and legislative responsibilities to uphold democratic principles.

Highlights:

The court's controversial role in amending election law norms.
Debates over the court's authority and legislative implications.
Need for solutions to maintain democracy and balance of power.

Keywords: Judicial Review, Positive Legislator, Constitutional Court, Legal Authority, Democracy

Iraq's Fragmentation and Its Impact on Global Diplomacy

2024-05-07T13:47:02+00:00

This study explores how Iraq's internal sectarian and ethnic divisions influence its foreign policy and diplomatic relationships. Focusing on the power dynamics among Shia, Sunni, and Kurdish factions, the research employs qualitative analysis to reveal that these internal conflicts significantly shape Iraq’s regional and global engagements. The findings highlight the critical role of domestic political fragmentation in determining the country's foreign policy direction, underscoring the importance of understanding these internal dynamics for international diplomacy and policy-making.

Highlights:

Internal Politics: Iraq's foreign policy is heavily influenced by the interplay of sectarian and ethnic divisions among Shia, Sunni, and Kurdish factions.
Diplomatic Challenges: These internal conflicts shape Iraq's diplomatic engagements, affecting its relations with neighboring countries and global powers.
Policy Implications: Understanding the impact of domestic fragmentation is essential for international diplomacy and strategic foreign policy formulation.

Keywords: Foreign Policy, Internal Divisions, Sectarian Conflict, Diplomatic Relations, Political Factions

The Conflict and Competition among Regional Powers and its Effect on the Region’s Stability

2024-07-08T07:39:19+00:00

This article explores the longstanding regional animosities and power rivalries among Turkey, Iran, and Saudi Arabia in the Middle East, focusing on their impact on regional peace and stability. Despite extensive research on Middle Eastern geopolitics, there is a need for a comprehensive understanding of how these rivalries shape the region's security dynamics. The study aims to analyze the geopolitical goals driving these powers towards regional dominance, including territorial disputes, religious or ethnic tensions, resource distribution issues, and ambitions to alter the regional structure. Using qualitative analysis of historical and contemporary conflicts, the research highlights how sectarian warfare, proxy wars, and transnational violence contribute to regional instability. The findings reveal that the use of proxies by regional powers exacerbates tensions, leading to humanitarian crises and escalating conflicts. This study underscores the necessity for diplomatic interventions and international cooperation to mitigate the adverse effects of these rivalries on the Middle East's stability.

Highlights:

Dominance Goals: Driven by territorial, religious, and resource issues.
Proxy Wars: Heighten instability and humanitarian crises.
Regional Impact: Escalate tensions and threaten peace.

Keywords: Middle East, Proxy Wars, Sectarianism, Geopolitical Interests, Destabilization