Rechtsidee
Vol 12 No 1 (2024): June
International Law

Iraq's Fragmentation and Its Impact on Global Diplomacy
Fragmentasi Irak dan Dampaknya terhadap Diplomasi Global

Article View
  • Saleem F. Aljebori *
Saleem F. Aljebori
Faculty of Law, University of Kerbala, Iraq *

(*) Corresponding Author
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21070/jihr.v12i1.1017


Picture in here are illustration from public domain image or provided by the author, as part of their works
Published May 9, 2024
Keywords
  • Foreign Policy,
  • Internal Divisions,
  • Sectarian Conflict,
  • Diplomatic Relations,
  • Political Factions
How to Cite
Aljebori , S. F. (2024). Iraq’s Fragmentation and Its Impact on Global Diplomacy. Rechtsidee, 12(1), 10.21070/jihr.v12i1.1017. https://doi.org/10.21070/jihr.v12i1.1017

Copyright (c) 2024 Saleem F. Aljebori (Author); Salim Neama

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

 
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

Abstract

This study explores how Iraq's internal sectarian and ethnic divisions influence its foreign policy and diplomatic relationships. Focusing on the power dynamics among Shia, Sunni, and Kurdish factions, the research employs qualitative analysis to reveal that these internal conflicts significantly shape Iraq’s regional and global engagements. The findings highlight the critical role of domestic political fragmentation in determining the country's foreign policy direction, underscoring the importance of understanding these internal dynamics for international diplomacy and policy-making.

Highlights:

  • Internal Politics: Iraq's foreign policy is heavily influenced by the interplay of sectarian and ethnic divisions among Shia, Sunni, and Kurdish factions.
  • Diplomatic Challenges: These internal conflicts shape Iraq's diplomatic engagements, affecting its relations with neighboring countries and global powers.
  • Policy Implications: Understanding the impact of domestic fragmentation is essential for international diplomacy and strategic foreign policy formulation.

Keywords: Foreign Policy, Internal Divisions, Sectarian Conflict, Diplomatic Relations, Political Factions

Article View

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

  1. N. Ucuzsatar, "The Dissolution of Ottoman Empire and the Foundation of Modern Turkey Under the Leadership of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk," Journal of Istanbul Kultur University, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 55-68, 2002.
  2. L. C. Brown and C. Tripp, "A History of Iraq," Foreign Affairs, vol. 80, no. 3, 2001.
  3. R. Llewellyn-Jones, "The British Raj and the British Mandate in Iraq," Asian Affairs (London), vol. 46, no. 2, 2015.
  4. D.K. Fieldhouse,"Britain in Iraq: Contriving King and Country, 1914-1932," Choice Reviews Online, vol. 45, no. 02, 2007.
  5. L. C. Brown, P. Marr, and N. R. Keddie, "The Modern History of Iraq," Foreign Affairs, vol. 83, no. 1, 2004.
  6. S. Ritter and W. R. Pitt, War on Iraq: What Team Bush Doesn't Want You to Know, London: Allen & Unwin, 2022.
  7. A. Esterhuyse, "Strategy in the Contemporary World: An Introduction to Strategic Studies," Scientia Militaria - South African Journal of Military Studies, vol. 31, no. 1, 2012.
  8. G. Simons, Iraq: From Sumer to Saddam, 1996.
  9. S. Totman, "Rogue State in the Demonology of the U.S.: The Hollywood Dimension," Ph.D. dissertation, University of Macquarie, Australia, 2006.
  10. R. Fawn and R. A. Hinnebusch, "The Iraq War: Causes and Consequences," The Middle East in the International System, 2006.
  11. R. Hinnebusch, The International Politics of the Middle East, 2018.
  12. R. Saikaly, "Decision Making in U.S. Foreign Policy: Applying Kingdom’s Multiple Stream Model to the 2003 Iraq Crisis," Ph.D. dissertation, Kent University, 2009.
  13. L. Haccius, "The Making and Breaking of Federalism in Iraq," 2018.
  14. S. A. Paleker, "Federalism: A Conceptual Analysis," The Indian Journal of Political Science, vol. 14, no. 1, 2006.
  15. R. L. Watts, "Daniel J. Elazar: Comparative Federalism and Post-Statism," CrossRef Listing of Deleted DOIs, vol. 30, no. 4, 2000.
  16. M. Da Silva, "Federalism: Contemporary Political Philosophy Issues," Philos Compass, vol. 17, no. 4, 2022.
  17. A. Danilovich, "Introducing Iraq’s Federal System," in Iraqi Federalism and the Kurds: Learning to Live Together, 2014.
  18. J. Moradi and M. Motalebi, "A Study of Federalism in Iraq from the View of the Micro Level of Analysis," Procedia Soc Behav Sci, vol. 205, 2015.
  19. A. Danilovich, "Federalism, Secession, and International Recognition Regime: Iraqi Kurdistan," 2018.
  20. G. Anderson, "The Political Relevance of Federalism in the Twenty-First Century," 2009, Available: www.fundacionmgimenezabad.es.
  21. M. Bogaards, "Iraq’s Constitution of 2005: The Case Against Consociationalism ‘Light’," Ethnopolitics, vol. 20, no. 2, 2021.
  22. S. Kane, J. R. Hiltermann, and R. Alkadiri, "Iraq’s Federalism Quandary," National Interest, 2012.
  23. S. Sweeney, Europe, the State and Globalisation, 2014.
  24. P. Lockhart, "Geopolitics, Borders, and Federalism: Challenges for Post-War Iraq," Master's Thesis, Western Kentucky University, 2014.
  25. B. J. Cohen, "Federalism, Failure and Success: A Comparative Study," 2016.
  26. E. Young, "Federalism as a Constitutional Principle," University of Cincinnati Law Review, vol. 83, no. 4, 2016.
  27. J. Boudreault, "Flexible and Cooperative Federalism: Distinguishing the Two Approaches in the Interpretation and Application of the Division of Powers," National Journal of Constitutional Law, vol. 40, no. 1, 2020.
  28. T. Dodge, Iraq: From War to a New Authoritarianism, 2017.
  29. S. Hanish, "Iraq: A Political History from Independence to Occupation," Digest of Middle East Studies, vol. 18, 2009.
  30. Z. Gulmohamad, The Making of Foreign Policy in Iraq Political Factions and the Ruling Elite, London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2022.
  31. S. Makdisi, The Iran-Iraq War and Western Security, 1984-87: Strategic Implications and Policy Options, Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
  32. E. Corboz, Guardians of Shi'ism: Sacred Authority and Transnational Family Networks, 2016.
  33. R. Olson, "The Future of Kurdistan in Iraq," Mediterranean Quarterly, vol. 16, no. 4, 2005.
  34. G. Hughes, "The Insurgencies in Iraq, 2003-2009: Origins, Developments and Prospects," Defence Studies, vol. 10, no. 1–2, 2010.
  35. Saeed, "Iraqi Shi’is and the Pressure of Religious Identity: An Attempt to Determine the Meaning of Shi’i Identity," AlMuntaqa, vol. 2, no. 1, 2019.
  36. J. Yoo, "International Law and the War in Iraq," in Warfare in the Middle East Since 1945, 2017.
  37. K. Katzman, "Iraq: Politics, Elections and Benchmarks," in Iraq: Forward, Backward or Nowhere?, 2010.
  38. P. J. Luizard, "Islam as a Point of Reference for Political and Social Groups in Iraq," International Review of the Red Cross, vol. 89, no. 868, 2007.
  39. J. Prados, Safe for Democracy: The Secret Wars of the CIA, Chicago: Rowman & Littlefield, 2006.
  40. H. K. Mohammed and F. Owtram, "Paradiplomacy of Regional Governments in International Relations: The Foreign Relations of the Kurdistan Regional Government (2003-2010)," Iran and the Caucasus, vol. 18, no. 1, 2014.